| 题名 | 光谱成像技术在脑肿瘤病理诊断应用中的研究 |
| 作者 | 魏巍 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 导师 | 唐玉国 |
| 关键词 | 高光谱成像 特征选择 脑肿瘤 高光谱分类 |
| 其他题名 | The Research on the Application of Spectral Imaging Technologyin Pathological Diagnosis of Brain Tumors |
| 学位专业 | 光学工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 神经系统疾病中，除脑血管疾病外，脑肿瘤的发病率最高, 由于肿瘤发生在血管及神经组织及其丰富的脑部，特殊的部位使得致残、致死率高。临床脑肿瘤治疗方法是手术切除、化学药物治疗及放射治疗，其中手术切除是最成熟也是治愈率最高的方法，在手术治疗过程中，医生面对的主要问题就是：最大程度切除病灶与最大限度神经功能的保护，这一直是神经外科手术的一个难题，肿瘤的切除率直接影响患者的生存质量和生存期， 肿瘤的大小、肿瘤阶段和恶性程度、肿瘤生物学边界的确定以及肿瘤与周围结构的关系密切程度，这些因素都会影响随后的手术方案制订, 术中辅助技术不断发展与更新给术者提供极大帮助。传统肿瘤切除手术通常采用超声、CT、MRI 及荧光导航等术中辅助方法，帮助医生了解肿瘤的发生位置、体积大小及恶性程度等基本情况，但是以上几种方法就目前的技术而言，都存在定位时间长、定位不准确的缺点，需要在术中反复使用，价格较高，对身体有毒副作用，而且脑肿瘤通常呈现浸润状生长，组织边界很难确定，手术中通常由医生的经验判断而最大化切除，因此导致患者手术时间长、创口大、术后恢复慢，甚至还会引起其他严重的后遗症。因此研究一种新的脑肿瘤术中辅助检测方法尤为重要。本文首先提出了四种脑肿瘤术中辅助手段，并且详细分析了各自的优缺点，以此为背景，提出了本研究工作的必要性和紧迫性，对近些年来国内外光谱成像技术在临床领域的应用进行了综述分析，进一步说明了光谱成像技术在医学领域发展的大好前景；接下来对高光谱成像的基本原理进行了较为详细的说明，并且介绍了成像光谱仪的几个主要技术指标；接下来描述了脑肿瘤临床诊断成像光谱仪的设计原理，定制了系统的设计指标，对系统进行了总体的结构和子系统参数的设计，包括光谱成像子系统、数据采集子系统、扫描机构子系统等，并且完成了系统应用软件的设计及光谱定标的工作。接下来重点介绍了目前高光谱数据处理的相关算法，预处理、特征选取、分类等算法，这部分对接下来的高光谱数据采集和处理打下了良好的理论基础；应用自行研发的医用光谱仪器采集脑肿瘤数据，根据脑肿瘤发生部位的不同，采用不同的光谱特征选择方法和分类算法，经过理论和实验验证，分类精度高，可以有效辨别脑肿瘤边缘，有效的指导临床手术。在论文的结尾处对论文的研究内容及成果做出总结分析，并且提出本文的四个创新点，并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。尽管高光谱成像在术中导航中有传统方法无与能比的优势，但是在广泛应用于临床之前依然有许多需要解决的问题。如高光谱成像的时间长、没有统一标准化的算法，因此，本论文的研究工作对于推动我国在高光谱成像技术应用于脑肿瘤手术相关技术的研究，具有一定的探索性和创新性，为将来其他应用肿瘤术中导航的外科手术研究工作奠定了研究基础。 |
| 英文摘要 | In the nervous system diseases, in addition to the cerebrovascular disease, the incidence of brain tumors is highest. Because the tumor is in the brain where blood vessels and nerve tissue are very rich. So the disabled, high fatality rate is very high this particular part. Clinical brain tumor treatment is surgical removal, chemical and radiation treatment, surgical resection is the most mature and the highest cure rate method. In the process of surgery, doctors face to the main problem is the maximum resection lesions with maximum protection of neurological function. This has been a problem in the surgery. Resection of the tumor directly affects the patients’ quality of life and survival. Tumor size, stage and the malignant degree, the determination of tumor biology boundary and the close degree of tumor and the surrounding structure, these factors will affect the subsequent operation scheme design. Development of assistive technology and updated provide great help to the performer. Traditional tumor resection surgery usually adopts intraoperative auxiliary means such as CT, MRI and ultrasound to determine the tumor location and shape of navigation and positioning. The method has shortcomings such as inaccurate positioning, long positioning time and the poisonous side effect to human body. Brain tumors often present infiltration, organizational boundaries are difficult to determine. Surgery is usually carried out by the doctor’s experience judgment and maximizes resection. It cause long operation time, wound, slow postoperative recovery, even can cause other serious complications. Therefore, a new method of brain tumors in auxiliary detection is particularly important. The article first elaborates the background and significance, and illustrates the necessity and urgency of the research work; the specula highlights as the basic principle of are discussed in detail; introduces several main technical index of imaging spectrometer. Then describes the design principle of the clinical diagnosis of brain tumor imaging spectrometer, custom design indexes of the system, the system has carried on the overall structure and the design of subsystem parameters, including spectral imaging subsystem, data acquisition subsystem, scanning mechanism subsystem, etc., and completed the design of system application software and spectral calibration. And the next introduce the related algorithm of hyperspectral data processing, preprocessing, feature selection and classification algorithms, it lays a good theoretical basis for the next hyperspectral data acquisition and processing. Finally, the paper applied to develop medical spectral instrument data from brain tumor, according to the different parts of the brain, using different spectral feature selection method and classification algorithm, through theory and experimental verification, high classification accuracy, can effectively identify the edge of brain tumors and make guidance of clinical surgery. Although the specular could be better than the traditional method in intraoperative navigation, but there are still many problems need to be solved before it is widely applied in clinical. Such as a long time composing specular and unified standardized algorithm. Therefore, this paper can help to promot our country’s specular technology, and it hascertain exploration and innovation. It laid the foundation for other applications in tumor intraoperative navigation surgery. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-12-24 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48917]  |
| 专题 | 长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 魏巍. 光谱成像技术在脑肿瘤病理诊断应用中的研究[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015. |
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