| 题名 | 大口径红外辐射特性测量设备目标识别与跟踪关键技术研究 |
| 作者 | 孙航 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 导师 | 郭劲 |
| 关键词 | 大口径 红外辐射特性 目标识别 跟踪 神经网络 |
| 其他题名 | Target acquisition and tracking key technology research of large infrared radiation characteristic measurement device |
| 学位专业 | 光学工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着红外物理的深入研究和红外技术应用的发展，目前目标的红外辐射特性数据受到了越来越广泛的重视，具体体现在：它可为红外系统的探测、定位、分类、识别、跟踪提供基础数据；为目标识别提供分类、提取和辨认所必需的红外光谱特征库；为红外系统仿真提供目标和背景生成的物理特征及数学模型。 本论文着重讨论了大口径红外辐射特性测量系统在目标识别与跟踪技术中所涉及的关键技术，并针对系统中应用的目标识别与图像处理技术、系统模型辨识技术、大惯量高精度伺服控制技术开展了深入研究。所做的主要工作如下： 1）介绍了大口径红外辐射特性测量设备的研究背景及意义。讨论了大口径红外辐射特性测量设备的关键技术，以及各项关键技术的研究现状。 2）讨论了大口径红外辐射特性测量设备的整体结构设计。对大口径红外辐射特性测量设备的组成及系统功能进行了介绍。讨论了设备中光机系统，电控系统的原理以及实现系统辐射定标和目标红外辐射特性反演的工作流程。 3）对大口径红外辐射特性测量设备中图像处理算法的关键技术进行了研究。重点讨论了非均匀校正技术，图像降噪技术，增强及伪彩处理方法，弱小目标检测技术。对红外目标的图像数据应用上述技术进行了仿真和实验。 4）在介绍传统伺服系统模型辨识的基础上，讨论了利用BP神经网络和RBF神经网络实现伺服系统模型建模的方法。通过阶跃响应实验和正弦响应实验，证明了利用本文提出的RBF神经网络伺服调节器可以显著减少系统辨识模型与实际模型的误差。 5）利用传统模糊理论与PID理论相结合，设计了一种模糊PID控制器。利用Z-N法对模糊PID的初始值进行初始值设定，然后利用模糊控制器根据输入偏差和输入偏差率来自动调整PID参数的比例和微分环节的比例系数增量，从而实现PID参数的自调整。最后通过实验，验证了本文提出的模糊PID模型应用于大惯量转台具有更好的动态特性和稳态精度。 最后根据本文所做的研究，提出了尚且存在的不足，并为今后大口径红外辐射特性设备中目标识别与跟踪关键技术可能的研究方向提出了建议。 |
| 英文摘要 | Along with the deep study of the infrared physics and the fast development of the infrared technology application, the infrared radiation characteristic data has been widely focused on at present. As known, it can supply basic data for the detection, orientation, classification, identification and tracking of the infrared system; it can supply the necessary infrared spectrum characteristic matrix for the classification, extraction and identification of the target; and it can supply the physics character and math model of the target and its background for the system simulation. The target acquisition and tracking key technology involved in the infrared radiation characteristic measurement system has been discussed weightily in this paper, and meanwhile the target identification and image processing technology, system model distinguish technology and big inertia and high precision servo control technology applied in the system has been studied deeply. The main work is as follow. 1) The study background and meaning of the infrared radiation characteristic measurement system has been introduced. The key technology and its study status of the infrared radiation characteristic measurement system have been discussed. 2) The whole structure design of the infrared radiation characteristic measurement system has been discussed. The composition and function of infrared radiation characteristic measurement system has been introduced. The principle of the optic mechanism system and electronic system has been discussed, and the work flow to realize the radiometric calibration and infrared radiation characteristic measurement has been given out. 3) The image processing key technology of the infrared radiation characteristic measurement system has been studied. The non-uniformity correction technology, image noise reduction technology, image enhancement and pseudo color processing and dim target detection are mainly discussed. Meanwhile the simulation and experiment had been done to the infrared target image data using above technology. 4) Based on the traditional servo system model identification, the way using BP nerve net and RBF nerve net to realize servo system model and modeling has been discussed. Proved by the step response experiment and sinusoidal response experiment, the RBF nerve net servo regulator put forward by this paper could significantly reduce the mistake between the system identification model and the actual model. 5) Combining the traditional fuzzy theory and PID theory, a kind of fuzzy PID regulator has been designed. The Z-N method was applied to set the initial value of the fuzzy PID, and then the ratio of the PID parameter and the ratio coefficient increment of the differentiation element have been automatically adjusted by the fuzzy PID regulator according to the input bias and input bias rate, thus the PID parameter self-adjusting has been realized. At last the experiment proved that the fuzzy PID model put forward by this paper possessed better dynamic characteristics and steady state accuracy to the large inertia turntable. At the end of the paper, according to the carried out study, some exist insufficiency has been put forward, and some suggestion has been offered to the possible study direction of the target acquisition and tracking key technology of the infrared radiation characteristic measurement system. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-12-24 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ciomp.ac.cn/handle/181722/48893]  |
| 专题 | 长春光学精密机械与物理研究所_中科院长春光机所知识产出 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 孙航. 大口径红外辐射特性测量设备目标识别与跟踪关键技术研究[D]. 中国科学院大学. 2015. |
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